Gabon’s latest social media regulations have sparked intense debate across the country. The controversy surrounds a recently published ordinance aimed at governing online interactions, which only surfaced publicly in the past week despite being dated February 26. Among the most contentious provisions is Article 4, which prohibits the use of pseudonyms. Users are now required to disclose their full legal names, and in some cases, their personal identification numbers (NIP). For businesses, registration with the commercial registry is mandatory.
The move has drawn sharp criticism from some quarters, particularly from those who rely on anonymity for self-expression or protection. One prominent figure, known online as Bitome—a local term meaning “troubles”—is a content creator with close ties to Gabon’s government. His outspoken posts frequently draw aggressive reactions from anonymous critics, but he supports the new law wholeheartedly.
“I fully endorse this regulation—100%, or even 1,000%—because people hide behind fake accounts, fabricated names, and sham profiles to slander, insult, and even destabilize the country under the illusion of anonymity,” he explains. “Now, everyone must take responsibility for their words and actions.”
Not everyone shares his enthusiasm. Former transitional deputy Marcel Libama condemns the ordinance as a severe blow to constitutional freedoms. “This law dismantles freedom of expression and democracy in Gabon,” he argues. “We don’t need such a repressive measure, which blatantly contradicts our Constitution.”
The ordinance, enacted during a parliamentary recess, is already in effect, though the National Assembly retains the power to amend, approve, or reject it. Gabon’s social media platforms have been officially inaccessible since February, with authorities citing a commitment to safeguarding youth and curbing online abuse, including defamation, harassment, and attempts to undermine state institutions.