Recent developments at six strategic air bases across Libya reveal a concerning expansion of Russian military influence in North Africa. These facilities, located in Al-Joufra, Al-Khadim, Al-Qardabiyah, Brak Al-Shati, Maaten al-Sarra, and Tamenhant, serve as critical hubs for weapons transfers, mercenary deployments, and logistical operations supporting regional conflicts.
Infrastructure expansion and military buildup
Russian activities extend beyond mere presence, encompassing substantial infrastructure projects. The Kremlin funds and oversees construction efforts in these air bases, including new hangars, communication towers, barracks, and perimeter defenses. Military assets now include advanced air defense systems, MiG-29 fighter jets, and drones, while personnel comprise both Russian military personnel and contracted mercenaries.
Maaten al-Sarra, situated near the borders with Chad and Sudan, exemplifies this strategic expansion. Once abandoned since 2011, the base underwent rapid restoration beginning in December 2024, with Syrian troops assisting in reconstruction efforts. Analysts note that this location provides Moscow with direct supply routes to Burkina Faso, Mali, and Sudan, enabling covert arms trafficking to conflict zones.
Regional destabilization and conflict facilitation
Military observers warn that these bases significantly undermine regional stability. The Maaten al-Sarra facility, in particular, has become a focal point for Russian destabilization operations across the Sahel. Analyst Frank Talbot of the Atlantic Council’s North Africa Initiative highlights its role as a gathering point for operations that exacerbate tensions in neighboring countries.
Similarly, the Al-Khadim air base, located 100 km east of Benghazi, has emerged as a key node for arms trafficking. Recent improvements include expanded hangars, recreational facilities, and communication infrastructure. Investigations revealed that personnel from the Russian energy giant Gazprom have used this base to coordinate operations with Russian-controlled mines in the Central African Republic.
Obstacles to Libyan unity and peace efforts
The Russian military presence also complicates Libya’s fragile unification process. Foreign troops and mercenaries continue to operate in defiance of peace agreements, with analysts noting that Russian-backed factions actively resist disarmament initiatives. This persistent intervention prolongs instability and delays the establishment of a durable peace framework for the country.
The Al-Qardabiyah air base, adjacent to the international airport of Syrte, has seen extensive upgrades since 2022. Recent enhancements include runway renovations, new perimeter defenses, and expanded storage facilities. Meanwhile, Brak Al-Shati in southwestern Libya has experienced a 50% increase in Russian personnel since December 2024, accompanied by new hangar constructions and maintenance buildings.
Tamenhant air base in southern Libya, previously utilized by the Wagner Group, has recently undergone expansion projects. New housing units, renovated roads connecting hangars to runways, and runway modifications suggest ongoing operational enhancements. Reports indicate continued use of this facility for military operations and arms shipments to Sudan.