The implementation of strict measures and various directives aimed at curbing the spread of COVID-19 significantly altered the operational landscape for human rights defenders (HRDs). Beyond their everyday challenges, the approach taken by several African states in managing the pandemic contributed to a contraction of the civic and democratic space, which was already structurally constrained in the region. In such demanding environments and during periods of crisis, guaranteeing HRDs uninterrupted access to their work and advocacy efforts becomes paramount.

This comprehensive study seeks to provide an in-depth analysis of how COVID-19’s restrictive measures impacted the rights and freedoms of human rights defenders in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Mali, Niger, and Sierra Leone. It details the innovative strategies developed and deployed by civil society organizations to maintain their operations despite coercive actions, while also acknowledging the positive contributions and support from states and other stakeholders that enabled their continued efforts. Furthermore, this publication offers a crucial set of recommendations aimed at enhancing the protection of human rights defenders and preserving civic space during periods of intense crisis.

This research serves as a vital advocacy instrument, targeting national, regional, and international human rights mechanisms. Its purpose is to actively counter the abusive application of coercive measures during crises and to ensure the unwavering protection of human rights defenders at all times.