US Treasury sanctions Congo rebel commanders for eastern region destabilization

The United States Department of the Treasury has imposed sanctions on two key commanders of armed groups operating in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo as part of Washington’s commitment to supporting peaceful resolution of the Congolese conflict.

M23 intelligence chief targeted

John Imani Nzenze, the intelligence chief of the M23 rebel movement, has been sanctioned by the US authorities. Described as one of the closest associates of Sultani Makenga—who was previously sanctioned by both the United States and the United Nations—Nzenze has been a central figure in the M23 since its initial uprising in 2012-2013, during which he led attacks against positions held by the Congolese Armed Forces.

FDLR commander also sanctioned

The US sanctions also target Gustave Kubwayo, known by his alias “Colonel Sirkoof,” who heads a special intelligence and operations unit within the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR). Kubwayo operates primarily in the Nyiragongo territory of North Kivu province.

Washington’s expectations reinforced

In announcing these measures, US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent emphasized Washington’s expectations: DRC must neutralize the FDLR and its affiliated groups, while Rwanda is urged to withdraw its troops and cease all support for the M23, in accordance with the Washington Accords signed on December 4, 2025. All assets belonging to the designated individuals that are located within US jurisdiction or under the control of US persons are now frozen.

• John Imani Nzenze: M23 intelligence chief, longtime associate of Sultani Makenga
• Gustave Kubwayo: FDLR special operations commander operating in North Kivu
• Asset freezing: All assets under US jurisdiction or control frozen
• Washington Accords: Call for Rwanda to withdraw support from M23 and cease troop presence

The sanctions come amid ongoing instability in eastern DRC, where armed groups continue to threaten regional security despite international pressure and regional diplomatic efforts.